Furnace lining



Oct. 23, 1934. GJF. DOYLE ET AL FURNACE LINING Filed Feb. 3, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet l v f'zz/enz ornj 66072963 FD z/Ze and Oct. 23, 1934.

G. F. DOYLE El AL FURNACE LINING Fild Feb. 5, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ma 5 F 6 W m G Patented Oct. 23, 1934 FURNACE LINING v George -F. Doyle and Theodore Kauffman, JrQ,

\ Chicago, Ill., assignors to' The S. Obermayer 00.,

Chicago, 111., a corporation of Ohio 1 Application February 3, 1933, Serial No. 654,999

' 7 Claims.

.Our invention relates to plastic lining for furnace walls, roofs, and the like, and has for its principal object the provision of anovel means of anchoring an originally plastic lining material to the supporting structure ofthe furnace.

:In furnace walls, it is necessary to provide an interior portionof refractory material. The anchoring of therefractory walls to theouter retainingwalls hasalways been a difficult problem l in the construction of boiler settings no matter what refractory is used. With an originallyplastic refractory material, the 'matter of mounting or anchoring the plastic portion of a Wall to the supportingstructure,orretaining wall has heresl j tofore been solved withlimitedsuccessbyutilizingmetallictiemembers one end of which-is fastened-in the retaining wall, andthe :hook-like other end is projected intoithe plastic refractory wall. i 1

1 Some of the. difficultiesencountered inqthis. type of structure are thatcthe :coefficient of expansion of the metal :anchor is: muchlgreater than that of l the plastic lire brick so thatqthe anchor, is liable to rupture the .fire brick. -.Also, the metallic anchor cannotbeprojected to :the furnace :face of the .plastic wall, and the fire receiving portion of the wall isg notanchored. Again,:the metallic anchors lose their strength at. relativelyllow temperatures, andin fact theyzcannotbeuseddn certain sections of the wall because of the danger that theymay melt :andwashrout .the surrounding refractory. i

Ouninvention contemplates the ,provisionlof an anchor having substantially the ,same coefficient of expansion: as the it plastic refractory, infact ,we preferably provide an anchorwhichispre-fired and ismade-from the same materialas the plastic lining. i A

Our invention also contemplates theprovision of an anchor which may be broughtoutfiush with theihot face of: the .plasticlining.

Our invention .further contemplates the provision :of anchor tile which may A be always ad:- iusted some; thickness of the .wall whetheritbe full nine inch,-Jseven inch, or alive .inch'wall without. thenecessity. ofv carryingstocks voidifierent-sizes of i. anchors. Thatlis, .we provide an. anchor tile the length of which is sufiicient;to allow itftOCOmE: flushwiththehot fgace ofaplastic wall nine inches'thick, and :so. construct this .tile that it may be readilybroken off to reduce its length to -makesit fit eithenaseveninch or a five; inch thickness of wall. i 1 l g Our invention further. contemplates the provi sim in an anchor tilewof means whereby a; single tile may be used for a full nine inch wall or broken in two and both ends used for a thinner or half thicknesswall.

Our-invention further contemplates the provision of a novel method of applying the anchors 5 to a plastic lining.

Other and more detailedobjects of our invention are the provision of a novel means of supporting the plastic liningsectionally and the provision of a novel meansfor utilizing the originally plasticrefractoryfor arches or roofs of furnaces.

We willdescribe thepreferred form ofourinvention by reference to the accompanying drawings whereini Fig. l is atransverse section through-the side walland roof of afurnace;

Fig. 2 is a detailed section onithe line 2-2 of Fi 1; i V

:Figs. 3, 4; 5, 6, and 7 are detailedsections illustrating the several steps in applying theanchor tile to the plastic refractory lining;

:Fig.-8 is;a perspectivepartly in section of one of the anchor tile;.and I vFig: qlis a-perspectiveof a metallic form used in a plyin the .Walls. i Referring now in detail to the drawings, we have show n the retaining wall of the furnace at 10 asbeing constructed of common brick although it is obvious that a structural wall may be usedequally as well. a

The beams 11 form the means for suspending the roof .12; over'the rfurnacathis roof being of originallyplastic refractory-material. The side wall of the furnace :is shown as lined with an originally plasticrefractorymaterial at 13. The 0 meansfor anchoring the plastic lining to the retaining wall consistsofthe anchor tile 14, 15,16, and suitable lag screws such as 17 or bolts 18. We haveindicatedin Fig. .l the plastic lining as being supported sectionally by means of the longitudinally running beam 19 and its shelf 20 of fire brick-so as to relieve theplastic lining of excessive loadgwhere the furnace wall. is high.

The anchor tile 14 is. shown in fullsize in perspective in Fig.r8 andispreferably made of the same plasticrefractory material as the lining 13, but is pre-cast and pre-fired at high temperature to. insure great strength. I

:By the termprecast-we mean formed into a definite shape before being inserted into the wall liningregardless of the method of producing this shape; Constructing the anchor tile of the same material insures equal expansion and contraction of the lining and anchors. It also :avoids *the dangerof the anchors melting due to excessive 0 temperature and permits the anchoring means to extend right out to the hot face of the lining thus leaving no part of the plastic lining without an anchor. The tile 14 is preferably made in a size slightly less than nine inches long so that it may anchor a wall of a thickness equal to the length of the standard fire brick.

It will be noted that the tile is weakened as indicated at 21, 22, and 23 by transversely runnmg grooves leaving the pro ections intermediate the grooves to facilitate the holding of the lining by the tile. Because of this design, the entire nine inch lining is anchored at three different thicknesses: first at the hot face of the lining, and again about two inches from the hot face, and a third time at least five inches in from the hot face.

It is customary in many instances to have the thickness of the lining decrease toward the top of the furnace, and this is shown clearly in Fig. 1. It will be noted in Fig. 1 that the anchor tile 14 is used in its entire length. The anchor tile 15 is broken off to a seven inch length so that it still comes out to the face of the wall while the anchor tile 16 at the top is only half the original length. The anchor tile is slotted at both ends as indicated at 24 and 25 to receive the heads of the lag screws or bolts, the slots 24 and 25 being T- slots as shown most clearly in Figs. 2 and 8. This makes it possible to use both ends of the nine inch anchor by breaking it in the middle.

The method of applying the plastic lining will now be described by reference to Figs. 3 to '7 and Fig. 9. The lag screw 17 or other suitable anchoring means is first embedded in the retaining wall brick work, and this anchor should be long enough so that it will be firmly anchored in the second course of the brick leaving the head about two inches from the brick work. The plastic refractory is then built up as indicated at 13 in Fig. 4 so that it is even with or slightly above the lag screw. The cast iron form 26 shown in detail in Fig. 9 is then placed on the plastic material 13 and pounded down in place to make an impression to receive the anchor tile. The plastic lining is usually pounded in place, and, by the use of this form to make an impression for the anchor tile, we make sure that the plastic material will be fitted up tightly in the grooves of the anchor tile without pounding the tile itself which would cause considerable breakage thereof. The anchor tile 14 is then placed in position as shown in Fig. 6, and the hole around the lag screw head is preferably filled with a suitable heat insulating material to act as an insulator and also as a bearing surface between the lag screw head and washer and the anchor. If it is desirable to allow for differences-in expansion and contraction between the lining and the retaining wall, a yielding insulating packing may be used around the lag screw head thus allowing sufficient movement between the lag screw head and the anchor in a vertical direction or a direction lengthwise of the wall to avoid any undue strain.

After the anchor is in place, the wall may be built up further as indicated in Fig. 7, and, if a substantial thickness of the plastic material is placed over the anchor before it is rammed or pounded down, the tile will not be injured. In

, to the retaining wall. I

In the case of high furnace walls, the longitudinally running beams 19 may be mounted in place with suitable supports before the plastic lining is applied, and the short anchor tile such as 27 may be secured directly to these beams as indicated in Fig. 1, the beams having a shelf of ordinary fire brick as shown at 20 for supporting the next course of the lining. This provides a very simple, strong, and effective method of supporting walls the height oi which would cause too great a weight of the plastic material. It

is obvious that, where desired, air may be circulated through the space 28 for cooling the steel supports.

Referring'now to the roof structure which is obviously applicable to arches of the various types used in furnaces, the same type of anchor tile 14 is used for the roof as is used in the side wall lining. As shown by Figs. 1 and 2, we preferably merely slide these tiles onto the I beams 11, and in originally installing the roof we provide a suitable support for the plastic material 12 within the furnace so that it may be pounded down around the anchor tile 14. These anchor tiles may be spaced sufliciently close together to hold the plastic material until it has been secured or hardened after which the roof becomes substantially one piece of refractory material having the same coefficient of expansion and the same fire resisting qualities throughout its extent.

It will be noted that the use of our anchor tile avoids the placing of any metal close to the fire surface where it would be destroyed by the heat. On nine inch walls the metallic lag screw I V is protected by seven inches of plastic refractory and the insulation. The supporting beam 19 may also be suitably insulated on the heat side without varying the construction.

Further the anchor tile as applied does not permit of any wedging action due to the holding of the plasticlining by the tile.

It is also believed to be clear that with this anchor tile the plastic lining may be anchored to any type of retaining wall and will protect the retaining wall with an equal amount of protection provided by the plastic lining. Since the material of the lining and of the anchor are the same, any desired number of anchors my be used without affecting the fire resisting qualities of the wall.

While we have described the preferred form of our invention, it is evident that various modifications may be made from the details shown and described without departing from the scope of the invention as hereinbefore outlined and as defined by the claims.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A furnace wall structure embodying a retaining wall, an originally plastic lining therefor, and. means for sectionally supporting and retaining said lining comprising supporting beam means running longitudinally of the wall between the lining and wall, a refractory shelf on said beam means, and refractory anchor means anchoring said lining to said beam means and to said wall.

2. A furnace wall structure embodying a retaining wall, an originally plastic lining therefor, and means for sectionally supporting and retaining said lining comprising supporting beam means running longitudinally of the wall between the lining and wall, a refractory shelf on said beam means, and refractory anchor means anchoring said lining to said beam means and to said wall, said shelf consisting of precast refractory members laid on said beam means.

3. A furnace wall structure embodying a retaining wall, an originally plastic lining therefor, and means for sectionally supporting and retaining said lining comprising supporting beam means running longitudinally of the wall between the lining and wall, a refractory shelf on said beam means, and refractory anchor means anchoring said lining to said beam means and to said wall, said wall structure having an air duct along side said beam means.

4. A furnace structure comprising a supporting structure, an origin-ally plastic monolithic refractory lining therefor, and means to anchor the lining comprising metallic members secured to the supporting structure, and pre-cast refractory anchors having ribs interlocking with the refractory of the lining in which the anchor is embedded, said metallic members entering the anchors from the end whereby they are protected l by the anchors.

curing members extending from the outer wall into the ends of the anchors to secure them to the outer wall.

6. A furnace structure having a retaining wall and lining of plastic refractory material having embedded therein pre-cast refractory anchors provided with large spaced ribs on opposite sides between which the plastic refractory is wedged to interlock the anchors and the lining, and securing members for said anchors fixed in the retaining wall and having portions projecting into the lining and interlocking with said anchors in the lining to secure them to the retaining wall.

'7. A furnace structure having a retaining wall and a lining of plastic refractory material having embedded therein pre-cast refractory anchors provided with large spaced ribs on opposite sides between which the plastic refractory is wedged to interlock the anchors and the lining, and securing members for said anchors fixed in the retaining wall and having portions projecting into the lining and interlocking with said anchors in the lining to secure them to the retaining wall, the plastic refractory material being packed around both the anchor and the securing member.

THEODORE KAUFFMAN, JR. GEORGE F. DOYLE. 

